Journal of Inflammatory Diseases
Volume:24 Issue: 2, 2020

 COVID-19 was first reported in late December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and spread rapidly throughout the world including Iran.Objective The purpose of this paper is to predict the prevalence of coronavirus and the number of confirmed cases and deaths in Iran based on the theory of chaos and measuring the Lyapunov exponent.

 In this analytical study, the number of confirmed cases, recovered patients, total tests, and deaths between February 20 and May 30, 2020 were collected daily from the website of the Iranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education. The prevalence rate and the time to reach saturation in a short period were estimated using a formula using Lyapunov exponent and the initial and final number of confirmed cases in Matlab software.

 Simulation of all confirmed cases between 20 February 2020 to 4 May 2020 show the number of people infected with the coronavirus would be close to saturation, but in end of May 2020 the number of people with the disease re-entered the second phase of increase. The slope of the simulation curve decreases in the second phase and the virus spreads in May at a slower rate than in the first phase (April). The simulation diagram of the total confirmed patients to the total number of tests performed also shows the entry into the second phase of increasing in May.

 Simulation results of all confirmed cases and total deaths in Iran, using chaos theory and the Lyapunov-based model, can properly represent the real data and can predict the trend of spread and time to approach saturation in a short time. Sensitivity to the initial condition in the equation by changing the quarantine restrictions and the observance of health protocols causes a change in the rate of total number of confirmed patients enters the third or fourth increasing phase. Also, based on the calculated deaths, it is predicted that the total number of deaths at the end of May will reach less than 5% of the total number of people who have recovered and died.

 One of the problems of todaychr('39')s Iranian youth is how to use social media coincided with the outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).

 This study aimed to investigate the way of use of social media and its effect on health promoting behaviors and COVID-19-related anxiety in non-medical students.

 In this analytical study, participants were 307 non-medical students of Islamic Azad University of Tabriz Branch. Data collection tools were a demographic form, Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS) with two subscales of psychological and physical symptoms, and Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile (HPLP) with six subscales of spiritual growth, health responsibility, interpersonal relations, stress management, physical activity, and nutrition which were completed online. The multivariate analysis of variance and a post-hoc test were used for data analysis.

 Of 307 participants, 256 were female (83%) and 51 were male (16.6%), with a mean age of 27 years. The HPLP components of spiritual growth (P=0.001), health responsibility (P=0.001), stress management (P=0.001), physical activity (P=0.002), and its overall score (P=0.001) had a significant relationship with the way of use of the Internet, and the group with a fun purpose had lower scores in these variables compared to other groups. Moreover, the CDAS component of psychological symptoms (P=0.007) and its overall score (P=0.03) had a significant relationship with the way of using social media; the group with a fun purpose reported higher CDAS score than the groups with scientific and general information acquiring purposes.

 The use of social media for fun negatively affects the students’ lifestyle in the current coronavirus outbreak and increases their COVID-19-related anxiety.

 The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and imposed quarantine have had different effects on the social and psychological aspects of people. The lack of any definitive treatment or preventive method for COVID-19 has caused a great deal of stress and anxiety in people.

 The aim of this study was to investigate the demographic characteristics and common complaints of callers to the telephone counseling helpline to receive services for anxiety and stress caused by COVID-19.

 This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. The study samples were 1978 callers to the telephone counseling helpline of the Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR) in Iran. Data collection was done by a checklist made by researchers and provided to the consultants.

 Most of callers (65.8%) were women and married (77.7%) with a mean age of 44.14 years; 41.5% of callers with no any symptoms were afraid and worried about getting infected; 26.6% stated their anxiety was due to worry that their first-degree relatives may get infected, and 8.5% reported that their anxiety was because of fear of economic problems and loss of job or income .

 The main users of the telephone counseling helpline was married women aged 30-39 years. Considering the anxiety and stress caused by COVID-19 outbreak, it seems necessary to provide counseling services.

The emerging Coronavirus (COVID-19) is a new infectious disease and the definitive gold standard for its diagnosis in pregnancy has not yet been established. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of reviewing the diagnostic methods and clinical, laboratory and radiological symptoms of COVID-19 disease in pregnant women. The present study is a Narrative review. To do so, the keywords were searched in the Scopus, Google scholar, PubMed, Embase, Science Direct, WHO databases from April 1, 2020 to May 9, 2020. 34 articles were obtained and finally 6 articles were used to write this study. Evidence related to the purpose of this study was identified in three categories. The first category examines clinical findings (fever and cough), the second category examines laboratory findings (leukocytosis and lymphopenia), and a third category examines chest radiographic findings (Pure ground-glass opacity). Since infection is one of the most important causes of death in pregnant women and is one of the preventable and controllable factors, so by identifying the correct diagnostic methods of this infection, at-risk pregnant women will be identified and Prevent the consequences of this infection.

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a viral pneumonia emerged in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. Its cause is a new virus from the coronavirus family scientifically named Coronavirus Acute Respiratory Syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In this review study, articles published in English until March 23, 2020 on new coronavirus infection were reviewed. These articles are obtained by searching in PubMed, Scopus and Google scholar databases using keywords "SARS-CoV-2", "COVID-19" and "Coronavirus". The latest COVID-19 statistics and information were extracted from the websites of World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. we investigated the effect of different compounds on the key macromolecules in promoting SARS-COV-2 infection using computational methods and bioinformatics analysis that can be considered as the best targets for designing inhibitory drugs. The most important macromolecules were Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) and Transmembrane Protease Serine 2 (TMPRSS2) receptors of the host cell surface and the structural and non-structural proteins of the virus. The most important structural protein was Spike, playing an important role in binding the virus to the ACE2 receptor of the host cell and the entery of the virus genome into it, while the key non-structural proteins were 3-Chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro), RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), Papain-like cysteine proteinase (PLpro), and non-structural protein 13 (nsp13) helicase which are involved in viral genome replication and the virus’ release from the host cell.

In December 2019, the prevalence of a pneumonia with unknown cause was reported in China which was later named Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by a virus called SARS-CoV-2. One of the most important ways of COVID-19 transmission is contaminated surfaces. In this review study, we investigated the stability of SARS-CoV-2 in air and on surfaces and the methods of preventing its spread Reported in studies conducted from 2003 to April 2020 which were searched in PubMed, Scopus, Embace, and Google Scholar databases using keywords including Coronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, disinfection, transmission and surfaces. Out of 118 articles identified in the initial search, 73 were remained after screening their titles and abstracts. By applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 51 articles were finally selected for review. The novel coronavirus epidemic in humans is more widespread than previous coronaviruses, indicating the high infectivity and environmental stability of the virus. The SARS-CoV-2 can stay active for up to 28 days at low temperatures (4°C). Currently, due to the lack of effective treatment and vaccines, the best ways to deal with this disease is to avoid contamination, use disinfectants, and prevent its spread by protective measures.

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a severe respiratory disease initiated on December 2019. Genome sequence analysis shows that the pathogen is a complex beta-coronavirus RNA, known as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum and pneumothorax are rare clinical and radiological conditions associated with COVID-19. This study is case report of pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema in two patients with COVID-19, while investigating the clinical and paraclinical symptoms and the treatment process of two cases. Finding factors related to the severity of COVID-19 for improving the final outcome in patients is very important.